by Roger Abrantes | Apr 11, 2019 | Academic Paper
Epigenetics | Epigenetics, Environment, Phenotypic Plasticity | Belyayev’s Experiments | Conclusions ______________ Epigenetics [Greek epi– ἐπι- = above, over, on, in addition to] is the study of heritable gene functions that cause stable phenotypic variations without...
by Roger Abrantes | Mar 28, 2019 | Academic Paper
Introduction |Etymology | Definition and Problems | The Altruism Paradox- Group selection—Wilson | Kin Selection—Maynard Smith | Reciprocal Altruism—Trivers | Genetic Selfishness—Dawkins | Phenotypic plasticity | An Example We All Know—Do Dogs Show Altruistic...
by Roger Abrantes | Mar 20, 2019 | Academic Paper
Consciousness—Definitions | Private Experiences—Emotions | Self-awareness |The MSR (Mirror Self-Recognition) Test | Imitation | Awareness of Others—Empathy | Pain—Do Animals Have to be Conscious in Order to Suffer? | Consciousness as a Quantum State—Orchestrated...
by Roger Abrantes | Mar 3, 2017 | Academic Paper
Yes and no are two short words and, yet, they convey the most important information many living beings receive. On one level, this information regulates their organic and cellular functions; on another, their behavior, and ultimately, their survival. If I say these...
by Roger Abrantes | Mar 1, 2017 | Academic Paper
In the behavioral sciences, there is some confusion about the meaning of the terms signal and cue (as with so many other terms) and some authors use it interchangeably. To make it even more difficult, communication theory also uses the same terms with slightly...
by Roger Abrantes | Feb 22, 2017 | Academic Paper
In the following, I will present four definitions of aggression and dominance; and will analyze them determining whether and why they are good or bad definitions. A Question of Definition and Convention Behavior is tricky to study because it is highly dynamic...