Signal and Cue—What is the Difference?

Signal and Cue—What is the Difference?

In the behavioral sciences, there is some confusion about the meaning of the terms signal and cue (as with so many other terms) and some authors use it interchangeably. To make it even more difficult, communication theory also uses the same terms with slightly...
Should We Reinforce the Effort or the Result?

Should We Reinforce the Effort or the Result?

Introduction: the problem The main difficulty in some learning processes is to reinforce the right behavior at the right time, which bad teachers, bad parents, and bad trainers do not master (bad means inefficient, and it is not a moral judgment). If you ask, “should...
How Wolves Change Rivers

How Wolves Change Rivers

In 1926, there were no wolves remaining in Yellowstone, the species’ former native home. Between 1977 and the re-introduction in 1995, we have reliable reports of wolves being seen throughout the park. Most of them were either lone wolves or pairs, probably only...
Abrantes